Q&A: Strength of 2x4 vs. 2x6 Walls Which Wall Is Stronger? I have also seen some where the 2x4's are flat and was thinking of doing it this way. Compression stress shortens or compresses the material. Steel studs used for walls, as a replacement for 2x4's, are probably grade 36, that is, the yield strength of the steel is 36 ksi (ksi = one thousand pounds per square inch, as in 36,000 psi). 3.5" for dimensional lumber. The purpose of this letter is to provide a brief summary of the testing that was performed on the SIPS and the strengths obtained from the testing. These columns are subject to axial compressive loads, and in some cases, eccentric loads. This the measurement of a wood species’s strength to withstand force pushed inward from end grain to end grain. First of all, a 4x4 gives you 3-1/2 x 3-1/2, while 2 2x4's gives you 3 x 3-1/2. Strength Properties of Commercially Important Woods. A 10 foot long 2x4 carrying a uniform load of 40 pounds per foot (400 lbs total load) will have a maximum bending moment at the center of the span of 1000 ft-lbs. We will assume that you are still supporting this two frames in eight different locations. Another reason given is that there would be variation between the mechanical properties of the two pieces of wood; one 2X4 would have a greater compressive strength for example. Yes, the exterior wall supports both the 2nd fllor deck and the roof. You can increase the strength of the doubled 2x4 by applying wood glue between the boards before nailing them together, but it still won't give you the same as with a 4x4. 7 ASTM Standard D 6484-99, "Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates," American Society for Testing and Materials (W. Conshohocken, Pa.), March 2000 (latest revision, D … Compressive strength parallel to grain—Maximum stress sustained by a compression parallel-to-grain speci-men having a ratio of length to least dimension of less than 11. Given the variety of lumber products and dimensions available (including 2x4 and 2x6 stud walls, post and beam and laminated timber), wood offers an excellent flexibility in architectural design. This calculator will compute the acceptable Allied galvanized steel tubing product size based on length and load criteria. Wood strength, including the relationship between grain direction and strength, specific gravity as an indication of wood strength, and additional ways to measure wood strength. The neutral surface shifts toward the tensile side of the specimen as the tensile stress continues to increase. So we bring back the surface area 8 x 5.25 = 42 Then we multiply by the compression strength. The design loads of axial compression for simple wood columns subjected to concentric compression loads of commonly used lumber products are tabulated in Table 1. The system lends itself well to automated scanning and computer ripping decisionmaking. One 2″ x 4″ x 8′ #2 Spruce Pine Stud is good for about 3000 lbs of compressive load, when held in place by drywall. A full-dimension 2x4-8 has 52% more compressive strength and 78% more buckling resistance than a KD 2x4-8. Bearing capacity is a function of the footprint area of all the studs in a wall. Use of pressure treated lumber in an unsupported verticle manor is not recommended. That's just 1.5" for dimensional lumber. The SIPS were delivered to our structural laboratory prefabricated. The same 10 foot long 2x4 with a point load of 400 lbs at the center will experience a maximum bending moment of 500 ft-lbs. Assume a slab at our site is designed to cast M25 grade of concrete, but we could not define its strength in the semi-solid state. I am not clear on if you building a beam (lateral loading)or a column … Now you need to look at the Parallel compression of a 2x4, remembering from above, the compression strength was 440 psi. Trusses are made up of four main parts. Compressive stress perpendicular to grain—Reported as stress at proportional limit. Hope this helps. Compression strength parallel to the grain is much lower than tensile strength. Item # KCBS116248 ALP Bearing Pads and Shims. I recall seeing a video of a destructive compression test on a 2x4 stud. This video shows the compression failure of a Class GL28 glulam timber block loaded perpendicular to the grain. that reflects the highest grade and strength potential within the panel. More space for insulation, R-21 vs. R-13, means less heat loss and smaller cooling and heating costs. Each SIP measured 92-5/8 inches tall and 49-1/2 inches wide on average. Structural strength of building is increased significantly. This number is a good indicator of the wood’s strength in applications such as deck posts, chair legs, or other circumstances where the load being applied is parallel rather than perpendicular to the grain. RE: Bearing Strength of 2x6 Tmoose (Mechanical) 14 Jul 05 12:39. 6Lubowinski, Steve, "Open-Hole and Laminate Compression Study," presentation at the ASTM Committee D30 Compression Testing Study Group (San Antonio, Texas), Nov. 14, 1990. Second, if you nail them together, the only places where you have the piece "bonded" are where the nails are. Strength of Steel can vary greatly. The design loads for 4x4 and 4x6 lumber for the commonly used grades are listed in Table 2, and for incised lumber in Table 3. An example would be chair or table legs which are primarily subjected to downward, rather than lateral pressure. The fact that this is the case is more obvious if you think about standing on the tip of a 8' 2x4: the ratio between compressive strength and bending strength is shifted, and clearly the 8' 2x4 will bend and break long before you crush it. These pieces are known as upper cords and there are two of them in each truss. Walls will be less drafty improving the overall comfort level of the living space. In testing with some smaller pieces of 2x and plywood, it seems like there's more strength from the wood being on the side vs flat. The compression strength of air-dry wood is about half of the corresponding tensile strength. Note that due to sampling inadequacies, these values may not necessarily represent average species characteristics. Compression parallel to the grain shortens the fibers in the wood lengthwise. 1.5*L in 2, vs 3.5*L in 2. I was hoping to quantify a typical failure pressure for such a piece of lumber. There is no clearly defined ultimate stress for this property. There is almost no difference in the bearing capacity — the wall’s ability to support a compressive load, which is how most walls are loaded. The high values of the compressive strength and specific compressive and tensile strengths perpendicular to the grain (width direction) shown by the experimental thermoplastic composites compared to wood reveal their great potential for use in compressed elements and in functions where components are compressed or tensioned perpendicularly to the grain. During a bending test, initial yielding occurs on the compression side, followed by visible compression failures and enlargement of the compression zone. For the woodworker, the primary types of compression to consider are parallel to the grain and perpendicular to the grain. Compressive Strength: Up to 9,000 psi: Negligible Cold Flow Characteristics: 1% at 1,000 psi and 73° for 10,000 hrs: Coefficient of Linear Expansion: 5.0x10(-5) Slow Burning, No Toxic Fumes: Precast Erection Products » Shims Viewing Page 1 of 3 (35 results) View As: Results Per Page: 12 12; 24; 42; BEARING STRIP 1/16" X 2" X 48" KOROLATH. It's more common to see stands with 2x4 laying on it's side. Shearing strength is weakened by knots and faults and cracks that appear in the wood. The upper angled parts correspond to the common rafters used in stick framing roofs. However, the low specific … Next, the strongest softwoods also tend to have high compressive strength ratings. Robert:, Thanks for the input. I guess while I'm asking questions, what would the tensile and compressive allowable stress be for the boards? A 4x4 in continuous. Compression strength testing. Mostly due in fact that the wood member is punctured multiple times up to 3/8" to facilitate the injection of the copper chromate solution. James Riggins | Sep 18, 2010 04:44pm | #6. In practical terms, the number itself isn’t all that meaningful, but it becomes useful to use in comparison with other woods. Tension: the most obvious place that tension occurs in a house is when there is a pitched (ie not flat) roof. The effect of knots is minimized by placing them away from the edges and containing the large knots in wider lumber. Its structural performance is very high and its compressive strength is similar to that of concrete. PDF downloads of Southern Pine design value tables are available. To visualize, an example of this would be a table or desk leg being compressed between the ground and the top surface. Load among each of those supports to the common rafters used in framing. 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